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Donation of Constantine
The ''Donation of Constantine'' ((ラテン語:Donatio Constantini)) is a forged Roman imperial decree by which the emperor Constantine the Great supposedly transferred authority over Rome and the western part of the Roman Empire to the Pope. Composed probably in the 8th century, it was used, especially in the 13th century, in support of claims of political authority by the papacy.〔Vauchez, Andre (2001). (''Encyclopedia of the Middle Ages'' ). Routledge. p. 445. ISBN 9781579582821.〕 Lorenzo Valla, an Italian Catholic priest and Renaissance humanist, is credited with first exposing the forgery with solid philological arguments in 1439–1440,〔Whelton, M. (1998). ''Two Paths: Papal Monarchy – Collegial Tradition''. Salisbury, MA: Regina Orthodox Press. p. 113.〕 although the document's authenticity had been repeatedly contested since 1001.〔
In many manuscripts, including the oldest one, the document bears the title ''Constitutum domini Constantini imperatoris''.〔
== Content ==
The text, purportedly a decree of Roman Emperor Constantine I dated 30 March, in a year mistakenly said to be both that of his fourth consulate (315) and that of the consulate of Gallicanus (317), contains a detailed profession of Christian faith and a recounting of how the emperor, seeking a cure of his leprosy, was converted and baptized by Pope Sylvester I. In gratitude, he determined to bestow on the see of Peter "power, and dignity of glory, and vigour, and honour imperial", and "supremacy as well over the four principal sees, Alexandria, Antioch, Jerusalem, and Constantinople, as also over all the churches of God in the whole earth". For the upkeep of the church of Saint Peter and that of Saint Paul, he gave landed estates "in Judea, Greece, Asia, Thrace, Africa, Italy and the various islands". To Sylvester and his successors he also granted imperial insignia, the tiara, and "the city of Rome, and all the provinces, places and cities of Italy and the western regions".〔"The Donation of Constantine". ''Decretum Gratiani''. Part 1, Division 96, Chapters 13–14. Quoted in: Coleman, Christopher B. (1922). (''Discourse on the Forgery of the Alleged Donation of Constantine'' ). New Haven: Yale University Press. (Translation of: Valla, Lorenzo (1440). ''Declamatio de falso credita et ementita donatione Constantini''.) Hosted at the Hanover Historical Texts Project.〕〔A slightly more ample summary is given in: Russell, Bertrand (2004). (''A History of Western Philosophy'' ). Routledge. p. 366. ISBN 9780415325059.〕
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